Johann Carolus' newsbook entitled Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien (Account of All Distinguished and Commemorable News) published in Strasbourg was the first European newspaper. Indeed the World Association of Newspapers recognises it as the world's first.
In fact it was more like a newsletter or court circular, listing who was where, why and what for. Carolus was a bookbinder and bookseller by trade and had begun writing newsletters, which had been popularised at the turn of the 16th/17th centuries. Relation was first published in 1605 and was such a success that it spawned not just copies but a whole new industry. Two new industries in fact, since the spread of news led to questioning about the veracity and provenance of the 'information' and very soon to a 'fake news' bandwagon. Robert Burton, an Oxford don, wrote in his Anatomy of Melancholy:
A vast confusion of vows, wishes, actions, edicts, petitions, lawsuits, pleas, laws, proclamations, complaints, grievances are daily brought to our ears. New books every day, pamphlets, corantoes, stories, whole catalogues of volumes of all sorts, new paradoxes, opinions, schisms, heresies, controversies in philosophy, religion, etc. Now come tidings of weddings, maskings, mummeries, entertainments, jubilees, embassies, tilts and tournaments, trophies, triumphs, revels, sports, plays ... treasons, cheating tricks, robberies, enormous villainies of all kinds, funerals, burials, deaths of princes, new discoveries, expeditions.
Robert was not a happy man, it's fair to say. Or maybe he was simply illustrating the melancholy of the title. BTW corantoes "were early informational broadsheets, precursors to newspapers. Beginning around the 14th century" [Wikipedia].
All this I learned from the latest book from my reading list: TRUTH - subtitled A Brief History of Total Bullsh❌t. It's am amusing read although to be honest the central premise - that you should be very careful what you are being persuaded to believe - could have been expressed in perhaps half the book's 266 pages. The book describes misinformation, scams, politics and various amusing delusions. For instance, in August 1835 the New York Sun published a series of articles "describing" life on the Moon for the race of bat people who lived there. The Great Moon Hoax was presented by a new editor who wanted to boost circulation. It worked! You can read all about it on that great purveyor of truth, Wikipedia. Also: a 1614 pamphlet described a dragon living near Horsham in Surrey. Although, on reflection, maybe that was true; who knows?
TRUTH is a sequel to the author's HUMANS, also with a subtitle but one unsuitable for the sensitive and youthful eyes of my younger readers. Tom Phillips, the author, works as the editor of Full Fact, a charity which describes itself as "a team of independent fact checkers and campaigners who find, expose and counter the harm it does". Sounds like a noble pursuit.
If, like me, you are of a cynical disposition, you will find this grist to your mill. Although you will probably already be a member of the "don't believe anything you read" club. It's a depressing approach to human intercourse but the problem is alleviated in the book by the writer's wit and inclusion of many anecdotes illustrating the basic point.